TEACHER’S GUIDE
HISTORY
Subject:
History of E. Africa from 1000 Ad – Independence.
TOPIC:
The growth of external contacts and pressures.
UNIT 1:
The slave trade in East Africa.
CLASS:
S.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF
THE UNIT;
Slave trade was one of the
worst crimes against humanity. It involved capturing people by force,
burning their houses flogging, chaining them, walking long distances
to the markets and being sold and auctioned as commodities like cows,
goats, hens (Refer to picture of slave market at Bagamoyo and the
play).The trade was started by Arabs who wanted labour for domestic
use and for their plantations. However they were later joined by
Europeans who also picked interest in the trade.
This topic will help the
learners to appreciate the historical facts that took place e.g. the
suffering the people of East Africa went through and how it was over
come to gain freedom, liberty and brotherhood. This will in turn
promote the learners’ empathy towards others and they will
therefore obtain good moral values and gain a tolerant outlook for
life.
Error: Reference source not found
TIME REQUIRED:
Minimum: Maximum:
MAIN CONTENT AND
CONCEPTS TO EMPHASISE:
The
teacher should have advance information on the following areas.
“E.
Africa through 1000 years” by Were and Wilson.
The
teacher should use interactive teaching methods and should
encourage students to participate in the teaching – learning
process. The teacher should organise.
|
THE TEACHING/LEARNING MATERIALS:
Resources
for lesson 1
Topic:
Slave trade in E. Africa
Teachers’
notes
Definition
of:
- Slave trade: The buying and selling of human beings
- Slavery: The state of being enslaved: It’s a system where by some people are owned and forced to work for others without being paid for the work they have done. It involves capturing, transporting of human beings who become the ‘property’ of the buyer.
Main
peoples involved and the roles played by each:
- Arab traders
- European merchants
- The Nyamwezi included African chiefs e.g. Mirambo,Nyugu yamawe
- The Akamba, The Yao
- Baganda
- Banyoro
- Khartoumers
Arabs;
The Arabs came from Arabia, Persia
and brought in items like spices,beads,guns,clothes, cups and plates.
From the East African coast the Arabs obtained slaves,ivory,gold
which were the main trading items from the interior of East Africa.
Nyamwezi
;
They
were called Nyamwezi (people of the moon) because they came from the
West the direction in which the new moon is first seen. Their
involvement in slave trade was partly caused by the demand for
slaves in the interior. They dealt in ivory,copper,slaves and wax
they wanted to acquire commodities like glass, spices, clothes
,mirrors, guns in exchange for slaves.
African
chiefs;
Mirambo,
- Mirambo was born around 1830 AD and spent part of his life as a captive of the Ngoni in Bugomba. He organized a strong army of highly paid mercenaries (ruga ruga) who were the basis of his power.
- He established friendly relations with Kabaka Mutesa of Buganda with whom they traded in salt, slaves, iron implements, grains and livestock.
- He acquired guns from Arab and Swahili traders and this helped him during his empire building process and in acquisition of more slaves.
- He controlled major trade routes in his territory by imposing taxes on traders passing through his area.
- By 1880, Mirambo controlled the territory crossed by caravan routes from the coast .
One route proceeded north-west wards
through Karagwe to Buganda, the other went to Ujiji and beyond.
- Between 1860-1870, Mirambo carried out extensive conquests of the Vinza and Tongwe and recruited some abled men for his army and sold others in slavery.
- Unfortunately, when Mirambo died in 1884, his empire also collapsed because it lacked a military leader as powerful and courageous as him.
- Nyungu ya Mawe
The name Nyungu Yamawe was a praise
name meaning “Pot of stones.”
After the Arabs had beheaded the
chief of Unyanyembe called Mnwa Sele, Nyungu ya mawe was terrified
and the ran away in 1865 and established himself at Kiwele south of
Unyanyembe from where he systematically attacked and defeated the
people of the other regions.
- His society was strategically located such that he controlled all trading `activities along the routes from the East African coast to Utipa, Lake Tanganyika and other trading activities through Unyanyembe.
He conquered people and those who
tried to oppose him were punished severely and others sold off as
slaves.
Unlike Mirambo‘s empire that
collapsed immediately, Nyungu yamawe ‘s empire went on for many
years after his death mainly because of economic organisation and
efficient political system he had created.
Nyungu’s rulers took over the
collection of ivory a valuable trading commodity, from the conquered
chiefs and sent it to him at Kiwele.
He formed a strong centralized
administration with his own rulers (vatwale) placed over conquered
chiefdoms directly responsible for him.
- The Akamba
The Akamba were famously known for
trade which formed the main support for their economy. They
dorminated all the three processes of trading between the interior
and the coast: collecting, transporting and exporting. They traded in
slaves, ivory, tortoiseshell in exchange for cloth and ornaments from
Asia. They were also mixed farmers, they grew millet, sorghum
,herded cattle, goats, sheep and hunted. When they grew rich, some
Akamba communities bought slaves from the coast to do their farming.
- The Yao;
The
Yao were the most active East African slave traders. This was mainly
because of the growing demand for slaves at the coast and also the
nature of the Yao society. It was the custom for ambitious Yao rulers
to increase their power not just by capturing territories but by
raiding their neighbours for slaves who then became their personal
followers.
- Baganda;
These
lived in the central region of Uganda. Their importance was
significant in the commercial life of the region; they traded in Bark
cloth, ivory and slaves. They were friendly to Arabs who supplied
them with guns that they used to protect and expand their Kingdom.
- Khartoumers;
These
were Egyptians and Sudanese traders who dealt in ivory and slaves.
They were semi-official representatives of the Egyptian government
with several hundred armed men in their pay.
- Banyoro;
Buganda
and Bunyoro were enemies. Kabaka Mutesa I stopped slave traders from
going to Bunyoro. However, they dealt in barkcloth, slaves and salt.
Reasons
for the rise of slave trade.
- During the second half of the 18th century, France opened up larger sugar plantations on the islands of Reunion, Mauritius and in the Indian Ocean. African slaves were thus recruited from East Africa to go and work in those plantations.
- Africans were considered physically fit to work in harsh climatic conditions compared to the native red Indians and Europeans. This greatly increased the demand for the indigenous people(slaves)
- The increased demand for sugar and cotton in Europe led to their increase in price and therefore more labour (slaves) was needed in the British colonies of West Indies and America.
- Strong desire for European goods by African chiefs like Mirambo and Nyungu ya Mawe forced them to acquire slaves in exchange for manufactured goods such as brass, metal ware, cotton cloth, beads, spirits such as whisky, guns and gun powder.
- The existence and recognition of slavery in East Africa societies. Domestic and child slavery already existed therefore Africans were willing to exchange slaves for European goods.
- The huge profits enjoyed by middlemen like Arab Swahilli traders encouraged the traders to get deeply involved in the trade.
- The suitable winds and currents (monsoon winds) which eased transportation for slave traders greatly contributed to the rise of slave trade.
- The Legalization of slave trade in 1802 by Napoleon 1 of France increased the demand for slaves in all French Colonies.
- The increased number of criminals, war captives, destitutes forced African chiefs to sell them off as slaves.
- The Oman Arabs contributed to the rise in the demand for slaves. This is because they acted as middlemen between the African Swahili people,the Portuguese and French traders. They therefore worked very hard to get slaves in order to obtain revenue from them.
- The invention of Spanish mines in West indices increased slave demands to work in the mines.
- The exodus of slaves from East Africa to Northeast Africa, Arabia and Persia contributed to the increase in the demand for slaves. It led to an enormous number of slaves obtained from East Africa being transported to other countries.
- The movement of Seyyid Said’s capital to Zanzibar led to an increase in slave trade. This is because when Seyyid said settled in Zanzibar in 1840, he embarked on strong plans to open up slave trade routes to the interior of East Africa. This boosted slave trade, whereby the number of slaves being sold at the slave market in Zanzibar annually by that time, reached between 40000 and 45000 thousand slaves.
- The outbreak of diseases like Nagana led to an increase in slave trade. This is because the beasts of burden (i.e. camels, donkeys, etc) could not be taken on many of the caravan routes. It therefore necessitated people themselves to be involved in the transportation of the trade goods and ivory. Such people included porters who were regarded as slaves, or free Africans who could sell their services in return for cloth and other trade goods.
- Development of long distance trade that needed slaves to transport goods from the interior of East Africa. Plantation farming increased in some areas, especially the clove plantations were slaves worked.
Assignment:
Draw a sketch map of East Africa showing the Eastern slave trade
routes e.g. Were,p.96.
Map
of E. Africa showing the main trade routes.
Source
Odhiambo Pg. 92
Teaching
aids.
- “A History of E. Africa” by Odhiambo, Ouso, Williams 1977.
- “East Africa through 1000 years” by Were and Wilson.
- “A Sketch map of East Africa “by J.C Sekamwa
- Atlas
- Chalk board.
Resources
for lesson 2
Sub-
topic: Organization of slave trade in E. Africa
Teachers
Notes
The
middlemen involved were;
- Arab Swahili traders
- European merchants
- African chiefs like Mirambo and Nyungu ya Mawe
Ways of obtaining slaves
- Selling of domestic slaves in exchange for goods like beads, guns, glass etc
- Selling of criminals, debtors and social misfits in society by the local chiefs to the Arab slave traders.
- Prisoners of war could be sold off.
- Porters were sometimes kidnapped, transported and sold off to the Arab traders.
- Raiding villages, this would begin at night with gun shoots and people would scatter consequently leading to their capture.
- Through inter tribal wars many Africans become destitutes and these would be captured by the slave traders.
- Tax offenders were sold off by the African chiefs.
- They were also captured through ambushes during hunting, travelling and gardening.
- Slaves would be acquired from the main slave trade market in Zanzibar.
- Other Africans are also said to have gone voluntarily in anticipation of great wonders and benefits from the Arab Swahili traders.
Main slave trade routes
Slave trade was organized
and carried out along three major trade routes, i.e the Northern
route, Central route and Southern route.
- The Northern route, penetrated into the interior, beginning from northern Tanzania and southern Kenya coasts such as Pangani, Tanga and Mombasa.
- The Central route: -Originated from Bagamoyo on the mainland, opposite Zanzibar. It went into the interior towards the Nyamwezi county through to Tabora, Ujiji and Buganda. This route mainly carried Ivory.
- The Southern route: - Centered on the ports of Kilwa-Kininje, Mikindani and Lindi and went through the a reas occupied by the Makonde, Makua and Yao area, to lake Malawi area. This route mainly carried slaves.
Map
of E. Africa showing the main trade routes.
Source
Odhiambo Pg. 92
Slave journey/problems or hurdles faced by African slaves during slave trade;
- Caravan trade involved moving long distances on foot.
- They were chained, whipped and sometimes killed on the way.
- They had little food and water and experienced extreme suffering.
This
is illustrated by a Quotation from Dr. David Livingstone’s Last
Journal. London 1878:
“We
passed a woman tied by the neck to a tree and dead …we saw others
tied up in a similar manner, and one lying in the path shot or
stabbed for she was in a pool of blood. The explanation we got
invariably was that the Arab who owned these victims was enraged at
losing the money by the slaves becoming unable to march.”
Source:
A history of E. Africa by Odhiambo.
- The main slave market at Zanzibar where slaves were auctioned.
- The journey across the India Ocean was horrible.
- Crowded in ships with hardly any space to breath. Ships carried anything from 250 to 600 slaves. They were very over crowded and packed like spoons with no room even to turn.
- Whenever the masters saw anti-slave trade people, the slaves would be thrown in the ocean.
- As a result many died in the process.
Slave
life on the plantation or mines.
- Life was unbearable, worked day and night.
Low
payments.
Murder
of resistant slaves.
They
were starved because of famine.
Many
were forced to use Swahili language on farms and mines.
- Sanitary conditions very poor
- There were revolts, burning cotton and sugar plantations.
- Later on some slaves temporarily regained their liberty.
Music:
song on the slave trade
- Slave! Slave! Slave!
In
America,
Working
day, day and night,
Planting
sugar, sugar and tea,
When
I was in America.
- See my hand,
Which
was broken,
Working
day, day and night,
Planting
sugar, sugar and tea,
When
I was in America.
- See my leg ……
- See my back
Resources
for lesson 3
Sub-topic:
Effects of slave trade and why it was difficult to stop.
Notes
for the teacher
Effects
of slave trade.
Positive
effects;.
1. New foods were introduced through
trade routes like maize, pawpaws, rice, groundnuts both at the coast
and in the interior.
- Plantation farming increased in some areas, especially the clove plantations were slaves worked.
- The interior was opened to the outside world this later encouraged the coming of European missionaries. Many European Christian missionaries came to East Africa to preach against slave trade and to campaign for its abolition.
- The trade routes became permanent routes and inland roads which led to growth of communication networks.
- Swahili was introduced in land and is now being widely spoken in Tanzania , Kenya ,Uganda and Eastern Congo.
- Islam as a religion was introduced by Arabs and it spread , especially in Yao land and in Buganda land.
- A new race called Swahili was formed through intermarriages between Arabs and some Africans.
- There was growth of Arab towns such as Tabora and Ujiji inland.
- There was emergence of dynamic leaders such as Mirambo and Nyungu ya Mawe in the latter half of the nineteenth century.
- Slave trade strengthened the large and powerful states, which could easily get access to guns at the expense of small ones.
- Slave trade led to a situation whereby power became centralised and no longer with the small, local authority (segimentary societies) mainly to enable African chiefs directly control slave trade.
- Slave trade encouraged large-scale trade whereby contact was established between the trade masters and indigenous/local population.
- Africans were dispersed to other parts of the world e.g Arabia, America and West Indies. In Africa, Sierra-Leone and Liberia were founded to accommodate former slaves from Europe and America.
Negative effects;
1. African population was reduced,
people who would have been great leaders and empire builders were
killed. It is estimated that over 15 to 30 million people were
exported to America while other millions died in the process being
transported.
2 .Slave trade brought misery,
suffering and lowered the quality of people in East Africa this is
because they were reduced to ‘commodities’ which could be bought
and sold on land.
3 Villages and families were
destroyed and broken up by slave raiders and never to be reunited
this later resulted in to loss of identity.
4.Diseases broke out among the
overcrowded slaves for example the Spaniards introduced Syphilis and
soon it spread to other traders.
5.Slave trade led
to displacement of people and many became homeless and destitute
many
and stayed in Europe with no identity.
5.Economic activities such as
farming were disrupted. This is because the young and able craftsmen,
traders and farmers were carried off, causing economic stagnation as
the economic workforce depleted.
6. Progress slowed down, which
resulted in famine, poverty and destitution and helplessness.
7. There was a decline in production
of traditional goods such as coffee, beans, bark cloth and iron which
greatly hindered the cash economy.
- There was a decline in African industries which also faced a lot of competition from imported manufactured goods for example the Bark cloth and iron working industries.
- Guns were introduced into the interior which caused a lot of insecurity and increased incidences of wars for territorial expansion.
- Clans and tribal units, languages were broken and inter-tribal peace was disturbed for example swahili language replaced the traditional languages in the interior.
Reasons
why slave trade was difficult to stop.
- Slavery existed before in Africa societies that is to say, domestic slavery and internal slave trade, which provided a favourable situation for continuation of the lucrative slave trade.
- The Abolition movement which had begun in Britain and her overseas territory first took effect in West Africa. The decline in west African trade encouraged the expansion of trade in East Africa especially with America and West Indies.
- Slave trade was difficult to stop because of division of African tribes against each other .This meant that African tribes would find it difficult to unite together and resist the slave traders, who raided their societies using organised bands of men.
- Disregard of human life ,many African rulers tended to put less value for the lives of their subjects whom they ruled for example quite often, a ruler of a tribe would easily order his warriors to attack the villages of his subjects and seize their property ,kill some of them .
- Active participation and willing cooperation of African chiefs and coastal traders who were making a lot of profits made the slave trade last for so long.
- Many European countries depended on the products of slave labour in West Indies and America for example, British industries depended on raw sugar, raw cotton and unprocessed minerals from America which she was not willing to loose.
- European slave merchants and Africans involved in the trade were blinded by the huge in the trade got big profits made from the trade.
- There was smuggling of slaves outside the forbidden areas. Slave traders would pretend to sail northwards when sighted by British patrol ships but would change course after British navy ships had disappeared.
- Other European countries refused to co-operate with Britain to end slave trade because they had not yet become industrialized, and therefore they still benefited from it for example Portugal and Spain.
- The only economic alternative of slave trade was Agriculture which was not reliable compared to the booming slave trade.
- The anti slavery campaign was too expensive for Britain alone to compensate slave owners.
- Stopping slave trade in the interior was difficult because Arabs were in control of large areas.
- The East African coastline was long which delayed the anti-slavery group penetration in the interior.
- Due to the tropical climate, most British personnel were affected by malaria which hindered the stopping of Slave trade.
- Seyyid Said and Bargash were always unwilling to end slave trade at once due to fear of losing revenue and risk of rebellion by Arabs who found it profitable.
- The anti-slavery group was small compared to the East African Coast.
- European powers continued with slave trade, they shipped the slaves cargos in to ships bearing American Flags.
Motion: Slave
trade did more harm than good to the people of East Africa.
Resources
for lesson 4
Sub-Topic:
Abolition of slave trade
Teachers
notes.
Factors
that led to the abolition of slave trade
It
was the British government that began the abolition of the slave
trade during the years,1822 - 1826 . This was because of the
pressure by various groups based on different factors;
- Rise of humanitarians in Europe such as Christians and scholars condemned it on moral grounds. The missionaries wanted it to be stopped because they wanted good conditions for the spread of Christianity. The formation of the humanitarian movements in England aimed at stopping all kinds of cruelty including slave trade, flogging of soldiers and child labour.
- Industrialization in Britain was one of the main forces behind the abolition .E.g. Britain industrialists urged its abolition because they wanted Africans to be left in Africa so that Africa can be a source of raw materials for their industries, market for European manufactured goods and a place for new investment of surplus capital.
- Formation of Anti-slavery movement and the abolitionist movement in 1787. Its chairman was Granville Sharp and others like Thomas Clarkson, William Wilberforce who gathered facts and stories about the brutality of slave trade and slavery to arouse public opinion in Britain.
- Religious revival in Europe, Anglicans preached and condemned slave trade as being opposed to laws of God and humanity. Catholic popes also protested against the trade and prohibited it. In 1774, many religious leaders served as examples when they liberated their slaves in England.
- The French revolution of 1789 and the American revolution of 1776 emphasized liberty, equality and fraternity(brotherhood) of all human beings. As a result, people began to question whether anyone had a right to deprive fellow man of his liberty when he had done wrong.
- The British desire to protect their national interests, British planters wanted slave trade stopped to avoid competition with other European planters .This is because other planters were producing cheaper sugar ,British sugar accumulated hence the need to stop over production.
- The rise of men with new ideas e.g. Prof. Adam Smith(challenged the economic arguments which were the basis of slave trade when he argued convincingly that hired labour is cheaper and more productive than slave labour, Rousseau spread the idea of personal liberty and equality of all men.
- Slaves had become less profitable and yet had led to over population in Europe.
- Influential abolitionists like William Wilberforce( a British member of parliament ) urged the British government to legislate against the slave trade in her colonies.
- The ship owners stopped transporting slaves from Africa and began transporting raw materials directly from Africa and America to Europe ,which led to a decline in slave trade.
Steps
in the abolition of slave trade.
The
movement to abolish slave trade started in Britain with the formation
of Anti-slavery movement.
The
British government abolished the slave trade through anti slave laws
(Legislation), treaties and use of force.
The
Anti – slavery movement was led by Granville sharp, other members
were Thomas Clarkson, William Wilberforce and others.
- The first step was taken in 1772 when slavery was declared illegal and abolished in Britain. The humanitarians secured judgment against slavery from the British court.
- In 1807, British parliament outlawed slave trade for British subjects.
- 1817 British negotiated the “reciprocal search treaties” with Spain and Portugal.
- Equipment treaties signed with Spain 1835 Portugal 1842 and America 1862.
- In E. Africa in 1822 Moresby treaty was signed between Captain Moresby and Sultan Seyyid Said it forbade the shipping of slaves outside the sultan’s territories. British ships were authorized to stop and search suspected Arab slave-carrying dhows.
- In 1845, Hamerton treaty was signed between Colonel Hamerton and Sultan Seyyid Said. It forbade the shipping of slaves outside the Sultan‘s East African possessions, i.e, beyond Brava to the north.
- In 1871 the British set up a parliamentary commission of inquiry to investigate and report on slave trade in E. Africa.
- In 1872 Sir Bartle Frere persuaded Sultan Barghash to stop slave trade but not much was achieved.
On
5th
March 1873, the Sultan passed a decree prohibiting the export of
slaves from main land and closing of slave market at Zanzibar.
Zanzibar slave market was to be closed within 24 hours.
- 1876 the Sultan decreed that no slaves were to be transported overland.
- 1897 decree left slaves to claim their freedom themselves
- 1907 ,slavery was abolished entirely in Zanzibar and Pemba.
- In 1927, slavery ended in Tanganyika when Britain took over from Germany after the 2nd world war.
Effects
of abolition of slave trade.
- The suppression of slave trade led to loss of independence that is to say, it confirmed among the Arabs and Swahilis that the Sultan had lost independence over the East African coast, and that he was now a British puppet .
- The suppression of slave trade led to development and growth of legitimate trade which provided equally profitable business to both Europeans and African traders. Many ship owners diverted their ships from transporting slaves to transporting raw cotton and raw sugar from Brazil and America.
- It accelerated the coming of European missionaries to East Africa who emphasized peace and obedience thus the later European colonization of East Africa.
- Disintegration of the sultan Empire. This is because it loosened the economic and political control which the sultan had over the East African nations .His empire in E.A. therefore began to crumble .This gave opportunity to other ambitious leaders like Tippu-Tip to create an independent state in Manyema ,where he began selling his ivory and slaves to the Belgians in Zaire.
- The abolition of slave trade was a catalyst to the partition of East Africa where by Britain took over Kenya, Zanzibar and Uganda and Germany took over Tanganyika.
- Slave trade markets were also closed foe example Zanzibar in 1873 following the frere treaty signed between Sultan Bargash and Bantle Frere.
- Islam became unpopular as many converted to Christianity.
- African societies regained their respect and strength as they were no longer sold off as commodities.
A
play on the Slave trade in East Africa.
Slave
Agony
CAST:
- Arab traders led by Ali.
- Interior chiefs (Mirambo and Nyungu ya mawe)
- Captive guards
- Raiders
- Markets master.
Act
1, Scene 1, Plot to capture slaves
(A
plot is hatched by African Chief Mirambo and Arab trader Ali to
capture slaves.)
Ali: Chief
Mirambo, I need five hundred slaves to work in clove plantations at
the coast and 500 in both Arabia and America.
Mirambo: Let
me call my friend, chief Nyungu yamawe and raise those slaves for
you. How much are you paying and when do you want them?
Ali: I
will pay five rupees for each girl and 3 rupees for each boy. If the
girls are young and beautiful, I will add on mirrors, clothes and
guns.
Mirambo
+ Nyungu yamawe: (in chorus), we shall get them for you at that price
and pick them next week.
Scene
2
(The
raiders are moving stealthily to different huts in the middle of the
night. The moon is shining bright, they are talking in whispers
holding matches, ropes and guns).
Chief
raider:
When I lift my hand, it is time to set the huts on fire and get ready
to capture those running out. Kill the young and elderly and capture
every youth.
Raiders:
(in
whispers)
Yes, chief we shall do as you say.
Chief
raider:
(lifts
his hand, the huts are set on fire, people are running in all
directions there is a lot of noise from within and cries of agony and
many are captured and tied with ropes.)
Chief
raider:
My men, how many have you captured?
Raider
1: I have five girls and two boys.
Raider
2:
I have got 15 young women.
Raider
3:
I have got 7 women and 7 men
Raider
4
– 8: We have captured 23 boys and 8 girls.
(The
chief raider orders his men to make the captives walk and the
captives wails are heard in the distance).
Scene
3: Transportation
(The
chief raider hands over the captives to Chief Mirambo, who duly hands
them over to Ali after payments, and they are being transported to
the coast).
Ali:
(Turning
to his guards)
my guards, I want you to tie these slaves with ropes, the goree
sticks and chains. I need a lot of money, so make sure no one
escapes.
Guards:
Yes sir. (as
they tie the slaves more firmly).
Ali:
Can we move to the coast now?
Guards:
Yes, Sir.
(so
the slaves weep as they start moving and are whipped to move faster)
Scene
4: The market (The
Slaves have arrived at the coast (Bagamoyo) tired and hungry. A
number of them died along the way. They are bathed, clothed, fed,
treated medically, and are ready to be sold)
Ali:
Market master, you see my stock, they are fresh and healthy, and I
need 30 rupees for a girl and 20 rupees for a boy.
Market
master:
(laughs, moves around the slaves, pinches some of them and turns to
Ali). Ali, you have brought good slaves, but I will give you 20
rupees for each girl and 10 rupees for each boy. After all, I have to
circumcise them.
Ali:
I cannot accept that price, because I have moved all the way from
Nyamwezi land. My final price is 25 rupees for each girl and 15
rupees for each boy. Failure to pay that, I get another buyer. (He
calls for other buyers)
Market
Master:
No, don’t call them. I will pay as you say.
(He pulls out the money to pay).
My dealer is waiting on the ship.
(Ali
smiles nods as he counts the money. Satisfied he hands over the
slaves. The slaves are then bundled together, branded, and pushed to
the ship ready for the long journey to the unknown.)
Scene
5: Slave Labour.
(The
Slaves are in America working in sugar, cotton and tea plantations.
The conditions are appalling and slaves are lamenting).
Slave
1:
I wonder if one day I will go back to my homeland. How can we suffer
like this?
Slave
2:
You are day dreaming! You think you can trace where you came from?
Let us suffer. May be one day we shall be set free.
Slaves
3:
I don’t believe in miracles!
Slave
4:
If it ever happens, I have a lot to show and tell to expose our
suffering. This suffering is unbearable. (He
starts to sing “Song on slave trade, “above, and others joins in
as he sings)
Slave
1:
Let us unite, break these chains and free our selves.
Slave
2:
But what if our masters discover our plans won’t they kill us?
Slave
3:
Let us stand up and fight for our rights. (They
organize at night and break the chains, they help other slaves to
break the chains, they burn the sugar and cotton plantations and take
refuge in the mountains)
Slavery
has still not disappeared. Slavery exists today behind closed for
example the abductees’ in Northern Uganda still live under slavery.
END
Guiding questions.
- (a) What led to the growth of slave trade in E. Africa?
(b)
How was it organized?
2.
(a) Describe the steps taken to abolish slave trade in E. Africa?
(b)
In what ways did it affect the people of E. Africa?
3.
(a) What factors led to the abolition of slave trade?
(b)
Why was slave trade difficult to stop?
Web
links;
What
is history?
6.
http://www.
dur.ac.uk/
LESSON PLAN
Date
…….. Class: S.4 Period…. No. of
students……….
Subject:
History
paper 1
Topic:
Slave Trade
Subtopic:
Lesson
Objectives:
Teaching
methods:
Teaching
Aids:
References:
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SCHEME OF WORK
Name of
Teacher………………
Year…………………
Term………………..
Class………………
No of students………
No. of periods per
week………
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Week
|
No. of periods
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Topic/subtopic
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Content
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Objectives
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Teaching methods
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Teaching aids
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References
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Comments
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1
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2 periods
(80 min)
|
Slave Trade in East Africa
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Slave trade is the
buying and selling of human beings.
The state of being
enslaved.
People involved in
slave trade.
- Arab traders
- African chiefs
- Nyamwezi,
Akamba,Yao
- Baganda, Banyoro and
Khartoumers.
Reasons for the rise of slave trade.
|
By the end of lesson,
learners should be able to;
- Define slave trade &
slavery.
- Identify people
involved in slave trade.
- State the reasons for the rise of slave trade in
East Africa.
|
Interactive teaching
methods
Like:
- Debates,
- Group discussions,
-Role play,
- Questions
and answer
- Project method.
- Drama
(Sample play)
|
A map of East Africa
showing the different trade routes during slave trade.
Video shown on slave trade e.g. roots
|
A. History of East
Africa by Odiambo Ouso, 1977.
East Africa through 1000 years by Were and Wilson.
|
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2
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2 periods
(80mins)
|
Organisation of slave trade in East Africa.
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Ways of obtaining
slaves.
Main trade routes.
Problems faced by African slaves during slave
trade.
|
Students
should be able to:
-
Give different ways used to obtain slaves.
-
Name main trade routes.
-
Discuss the problems faced by African slaves during slave trade.
|
- Debates,
- Group discussions, -
- Role play,
- Questions and answer
- Project method.
- Drama
(Sample play)
|
A map showing the
different trade routes during slave trade.
Video shown on slave trade e.g. roots
|
A.History of East
Africa by Odiambo Ouso, 1977.
East Africa through 1000 years by Were and Wilson
|
|
|
3
|
2 periods
(80mins)
|
Effects of slave trade.
|
Effects of slave trade and why it was difficult to
stop.
|
Students will be able
to explain the effects of slave trade.
And why it was difficult to stop.
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“
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“
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“
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4
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2 periods
(80mins)
|
Abolition of slave
trade,
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- Steps taken in the
abolition of slave trade.
- Effects of abolition of slave trade
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Learners should be able
to:
- Explain the steps
taken in abolition of slave trade.
- Effects of abolition of slave trade in East
Africa.
|
Debates, group
discussions, role play, questions and answer
Project method.
Drama
(Sample play)
|
Text books
Video shown on slave trade e.g. roots
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East Africa through 1000 years by Were and Wilson
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